CSS 2025 Solved English Precis and Composition

The Federal Public Service Commission (FPSC) is set to conduct the CSS exam in February 2025. Among the various subjects, the English Precis and Composition paper is often considered one of the most challenging by aspirants. Many candidates struggle with vocabulary, sentence correction, precis writing, and other language-related tasks. To assist CSS aspirants in their preparation, this document provides completely solved CSS 2025 English Precis and Composition paper.

Q.1. MCQs Compulsory Synonyms & Antonyms

(a) CSS 2025 -Solved Synonyms

(b) CSS 2025 Solved Antonyms

Q.2 Distill the Passage into a Precis and Suggest an Apt Title

CSS 2025 Solved Precis

The Complex Nature of Nationalism

Homi K. Bhabha argues that nationalism is shaped by myths, history, and regional influences. While it provides a sense of identity, it can also become rigid and exclusionary, contradicting the principles of humanism. Thinkers like Al-Ghazali emphasized the need to balance love for one’s nation with justice and fairness for all. His works, such as The Alchemy of Happiness, stress cultural exchange and inclusive citizenship, countering extremist nationalism. Nationalism can unite people but also cause division and conflict. It has both positive and negative effects—promoting pluralism while also enabling violence, as seen in Palestine and Bosnia. Scholars like Friedrich Ratzel viewed nations as expanding organisms, while Allama Iqbal warned that democracy can be a façade for imperialism. The tension between nationalism and democracy often leads to exploitation and suppression. Originally a tool for self-determination, nationalism has left weaker nations vulnerable to global power struggles. Johann Herder’s Volksgeist describes how nationalism can strengthen identity yet create hostility. To prevent its harmful effects, nations must balance pride with universal values like human rights, justice, and global cooperation, ensuring a more inclusive and humane world.

Total Words in the Passage = 617

Approx. Words in the Precis = 190

Q.3. Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given at the end.

CSS 2025 Solved Passage Questions

1- How does wandering reconcile the tension between rootedness and restlessness?

Wandering creates a balance between the need for stability and the desire for movement. People need a home for comfort and security, but they also want to explore new places and experiences. In the past, humans moved for survival, and even today, they travel for work, education, and personal growth. Wandering helps people learn new things while still having a place to return to. It does not mean abandoning stability but rather adding new experiences to life.

2- Is the romanticization of wandering a form of escapism or self-discovery?

Wandering can be both an escape and a way to find oneself. Some people travel to avoid problems, but many wander to learn and grow. Exploring new places helps people discover their true interests, beliefs, and goals. Many poets and thinkers see wandering as a journey of self-exploration. By stepping away from routine, people reflect on their lives and gain a clearer understanding of themselves.

3- Can wandering be a means of decolonizing the self?

Yes, wandering can free a person from past influences by exposing them to new ideas and ways of thinking. When people travel, they meet different cultures and experiences that challenge old beliefs. It helps them see life from a fresh perspective and think independently. Many great thinkers have used wandering as a way to break free from traditions and discover new truths. In this way, wandering can be a path to personal growth and freedom.

4- Does the notion of eternal recurrence legitimize or undermine the concept of wandering?

The idea of repeating life supports wandering because it makes movement and exploration meaningful. If life repeats, then each journey becomes an important experience that adds value to our existence. Instead of making life meaningless, repetition encourages people to embrace new experiences and keep learning. Wandering allows individuals to grow, discover new ideas, and appreciate life’s journey even if it happens again and again.

5- What dual realms does wandering operate at the intersection of?

Wandering connects personal self-discovery with the larger world. It helps people understand themselves better while also experiencing different cultures and ideas. On a personal level, it allows people to reflect on their emotions and thoughts. On a broader level, it connects them to history, society, and new ways of thinking. This way, wandering is both an inner journey and an exploration of the world around us.

Q.4. Sentence Correction: Mistakes Explained

1- Having been perpetuated for centuries the systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies of the government which has been institutionalized, are a form of structural violence that affect marginalized communities.

Corrected: Having been perpetuated for centuries, the systemic inequalities and discriminatory policies of the government, which have been institutionalized, are a form of structural violence that affects marginalized communities.

Errors & Fixes:

• • Missing comma after “centuries” to properly separate the introductory phrase.
  • “which has been institutionalized” → “which have been institutionalized” (Agreement error: “inequalities and policies” are plural).
  • “affect” → “affects” (Agreement error: The subject “violence” is singular).

2- We cleaned all the kitchen while our parents were out to dinner.
Corrected: We cleaned the entire kitchen while our parents were out to dinner.

Errors & Fixes:

• • “all the kitchen” → “the entire kitchen” (Incorrect phrasing; “entire” is the correct choice).

3- If I’m stressed out about something, I tend to have problem to fall asleep.
Corrected: If I’m stressed out about something, I tend to have problems falling asleep.
Errors & Fixes:

• • “problem” → “problems” (Singular/plural mismatch; “problem” should be plural).
  • “to fall asleep” → “falling asleep” (Incorrect verb form; “have problems” should be followed by a gerund, not an infinitive).

4- If I will be in Lahore, I will contact to you.
Corrected: If I am in Lahore, I will contact you.
Errors & Fixes:

• • “If I will be in Lahore” → “If I am in Lahore” (First conditional: The “if” clause should use present simple, not “will”).
  • “contact to you” → “contact you” (Incorrect use of “to”; “contact” is a transitive verb and does not require “to”).

5- The cultural globalization it is a phenomenon that has been driven by technological advancements and economic integration-is a threat to local cultures.
Corrected: Cultural globalization—a phenomenon driven by technological advancements and economic integration—is a threat to local cultures.
Errors & Fixes:

• • “The cultural globalization it is” → “Cultural globalization is” (Redundant subject: “it” is unnecessary).
  • Incorrect punctuation: A dash (—) was added for clarity instead of a misplaced hyphen.

6- The impact of cybertechnology on modern society is being studied by researchers, who has found that it has both positive and negative effects.
Corrected: The impact of cybertechnology on modern society is being studied by researchers, who have found that it has both positive and negative effects.
Errors & Fixes:

• • “who has found” → “who have found” (Agreement error: “researchers” is plural).

7- The experimental novel which blends elements of poetry and prose is a challenge to traditional notions of storytelling and narrative structure, but it will have been widely accepted by the time it is recognized as a masterpiece.
Corrected: The experimental novel, which blends elements of poetry and prose, challenges traditional notions of storytelling and narrative structure. It will likely be widely accepted by the time it is recognized as a masterpiece.
Errors & Fixes:

• • Missing commas around “which blends elements of poetry and prose” (Non-restrictive clause).
  • “is a challenge” → “challenges” (Stronger and more natural).
  • “will have been widely accepted” → “will likely be widely accepted” (More natural phrasing; “will have been” is unnecessarily complex).

8- The honor killings that having been perpetuate by the societies are exacting a deadly toll on the vulnerable individuals which are exacerbating the excruciating norms more.
Corrected: The honor killings that have been perpetuated by societies are exacting a deadly toll on vulnerable individuals, further exacerbating oppressive norms.
Errors & Fixes:

• • “having been perpetuate” → “have been perpetuated” (Incorrect verb form).
  • “the societies” → “societies” (Unnecessary “the”).
  • “the vulnerable individuals which are” → “vulnerable individuals, further” (Incorrect use of “which”; replaced with clearer phrasing).
  • “exacerbating the excruciating norms more” → “exacerbating oppressive norms” (Better word choice; “excruciating” is unnatural here).

Q.5. Punctuate the following text where necessary .

(a) CSS 2025 Solved Punctuation

In Pakistani folklore, Heer Ranjha, Sohni Mahiwal, and Sassi Punnu are iconic tales of star-crossed lovers. These stories, deeply rooted in tribal connections, serve as allegories and commentaries on spiritual and romantic love. They explore the complexities of human emotion, the trials of love, and the transformative power of spiritual elevation. The themes of trial, emotional anguish, separation, and expulsion—resulting in the moral polishing of the lovers—are timeless and universal. Heer Ranjha’s epic tale, penned by Waris Shah, is a masterpiece of Punjabi literature, a testament to the power of love to transcend mortal bounds.

(b) Answers with Appropriate Prepositions

Here are the correct prepositions:

1. The massive landslide tumbled into the valley below, blocking the river and causing widespread flooding that destroyed crops and habitats.

2. The controversy surrounding arranged marriages raged within the Pakistani community, with some arguing that it was a vital part of their cultural heritage, while others saw it as a form of oppression.

3. As she read the poem, the subtle symbolism and metaphors whispered beneath the surface of the words, awakening a depth of emotion within her.

4. The concept of Tawhid, or the oneness of God, lies at the very fabric of Islamic theology, weaving together the intricate threads of faith, reason, and spirituality.

5. As social media scrolled endlessly through her daily life, her attention span shriveled, leaving her with a perpetual sense of distraction.

6. Power consolidated among the ruling elite, silencing dissent.

7. Her online persona leaned towards perfection, hiding flaws.

8. Themes of love, loss, and longing wove through Ghalib’s verses, creating a rich tapestry of emotion.

Q.6. Pairs of words clearly illustrating their meanings.

1- Blurt & Blert

• Blurt (بے سوچے سمجھے بولنا) – She couldn’t help but blurt out the surprise before the party even started.
• Blert (چلانا/چیخنا) – The child blerted in fear when he saw the thunderstorm approaching.

2- Aeipathy & Apathy

• Aeipathy (مسلسل جذباتی لگاؤ/شدید دلچسپی) – His aeipathy for poetry made him spend hours reading classical verses.
• Apathy (بے حسی/عدم دلچسپی) – The voters’ apathy towards the elections resulted in a low turnout.

3- Defenestration & Dénouement

• Defenestration (کھڑکی سے باہر پھینکنے کا عمل) – The dictator’s defenestration symbolized the fall of his oppressive regime.
• Dénouement (کہانی کا انجام/اختتامیہ) – The novel’s dénouement revealed that the culprit had been hiding in plain sight.

4- Vallum & Vellum

• Vallum (دیواری قلعہ بندی/فصیل) – The ancient Romans built a vallum around their camps to protect against invaders.
• Vellum (باریک چمڑے کا کاغذ) – The old manuscript was written on vellum, which preserved it for centuries.

5- Sow & Sough

• Sow (بیج بونا/پھیلانا) – The farmer began to sow wheat in his field before the rainy season.
• Sough (سرسرانے/ہوا کی ہلکی آواز) – The sough of the wind through the trees created a calming atmosphere at night.

6- Sere & Seer

• Sere (مرجھایا ہوا/خشک) – The sere leaves crumbled under my feet as I walked through the forest in autumn.
• Seer (عامل/غیب دان) – The seer predicted that a great leader would rise from the small village.

7- Crepuscular & Crepitation

• Crepuscular (شفق سے متعلق/گودھلک کا وقت) – Bats are crepuscular creatures, becoming active at dusk.
• Crepitation (چٹخنے/چرمراہٹ کی آواز) – The crepitation of dry leaves under my feet echoed in the silent forest.

8- Uxoricide & Uxorious

• Uxoricide (بیوی کا قتل) – The crime report detailed a shocking case of uxoricide, which left the town in disbelief.
• Uxorious (بیوی کا بے حد وفادار/بیوی کی محبت میں گرفتار) – He was so uxorious that he always put his wife’s happiness above everything else.

Q.7. Translate the following into English by keeping in view figurative/Idiomatic expressions.

ارہویں صدی کے مسلمان ماہر الہیات اور فلسفی، الغزالی کی فکر سب سے زیادہ غلط فہمی کا شکار ہے۔ ایک مفکر کے طور پر انہوں نے دلیل دی ہے کہ قرآن جتنی تشریحات کے لیے کھلا ہے۔ سمندر میں پانی کے قطرے ہیں ” بقول ان کے “کیا تم نہیں جانتے کہ قرآن ایک سمندر کی مانند ہے ؟ اور آپ اپنے معانی کے لامتناہی سمندر میں سفر کرنے کا حق رکھتے ہیں۔ اور اس سمندر کی گہرائیوں میں غوطہ زن ہو کر آپ یا قوت اور موتی حاصل کر کے دولت مند بن سکتے ہیں۔ وہ مزید کہتے ہیں کہ ” تم ظاہر پر مطمئن ہو کر ساحل پر کیوں پڑے رہتے ہو ؟ یہ کہ مسلمانوں کے لیے رد کرنا، آگے بڑھتا، اور اختلاف کرنا جائز ہے۔ الغزالی جدت اور روایت کا بہترین احتران ہیں

The thoughts of the 11th-century Muslim theologian and philosopher, Al-Ghazali, are among the most misunderstood. As a thinker, he argued that the Quran allows for as many interpretations as there are drops of water in the sea. He said, “Do you not know that the Quran is like an ocean? You have the right to explore its limitless meanings. By diving into its depths, you can find precious gems and pearls and become rich with knowledge.” He further questioned, “Why do you remain on the shore, satisfied with the surface?” For Muslims, it is acceptable to question, move forward, and have differences of opinion. Al-Ghazali represents a perfect balance between innovation and tradition.

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